Burner for liquid and pulverized fuel.



PATBNTBD SEPT.' 1, 1903.

w. w. WEAVER. BURNER POR LIQUID AND PULVBRIZBD-PUEL.

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APPLICATION FILED APB. 1, 1901. BENBWED HAY 25, 1903.

r/li//llilll/Illll/l/rlllllll/lillll/11111111111 No MODEL.

.IE-"zz nonms areas co. nmmrm A Hmm u o r ivo. 738,131.

UNITED STATES Patented September 1, 1 903.

PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM IV. IVEAVER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HOT BLASTSMOKELESS STOKER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF ARIZONA TERRI- TORY.

BURNER FOR LIQUID AND PULVERIZED FUEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. '738,1 31, datedSeptember 1, 1903.

Application iiled April 1, 1901. Renewed May 25,1903. Serial No.158,683. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may corwern:

Bc it known that I, XVILLIAu W. WEAVER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cool; and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Liquid andPulverized Fuel, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactspecification.

This invention relates to improvements in burners for supplying eitherliquid fuelsuch, for example, as oil or coal tar-or pulverized fuel,such as coal, to the fire-chambers of furnaces and any other structuresinto which it is desirable to inject those materials.

The prime object of this invention is to thoroughly combine and mix oilwith air and particularly superheated air prior to their discharge froma burner into a furnace and to thereby provide not only for a uniformityof the feed and air, but in such proportions and in such a conditionbest promoting the coinbustion of the fuel.

Afurther object is to supplyeither a liquid or pulverized fuel combinedwith air to a burner in a manner preventing any back pressure thereof inthe burner or passages leading thereto, while at the same time reducingthe fuel to the condition best promoting its distribution in thefire-chamber when discharged from the burner for its thorough and quickignition and combustion.

A still further object is to provide for athorough mixing of superheatedair with both a liquid and pulverized fuel by giving such a directionthereto immediately prior to their entering the burner that theirfurther mixing in the burner is substantially promoted and immediately'prior to their discharge therefrom into a lirechamber.

lVith these ends in view my invention con sists in certain features ofnovelty in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts bywhich the said objects and certain other objects hereinafter appearingare attained, all as fully described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, and more pa-rticularly pointed out in the claims.

In the said dra-wings, Figure 1 illustrates a central longitudinalsectional view of a burner with the feeding devices thereof partly insection and partly in. full lines, which are particularly adapted forliquid fuel, but may be used for pulverized fuel. Fig. 2 is a similarview of the same somewhat modified for particularly adapting the feedingdevices for pulverized fuel. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on theline 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4L is a perspective view of a modified form ofthe devices forming a spiral passage between the inner ends of theair-supply pipe and the burner. Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken onthe line 5 5, Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on theline t G,A Fig. e.

The burner or nozzle 1 has a tapering por tion 2, terminating in aflaring portion at its point, in which is a slit or discharge-orifice 3,and with a rearward portion 4, forming a mixing-chamber for the fuel orair, as hereinafter described, immediately before the discharge thereofthrough thenozzle portion 2 and out the discharge-orifice 3.

The rear end wall 5 of the mixing-chamber 'at is provided with an inlet6 and also with a screwthreaded flange 7, surrounding said inlet, intowhich is screwed acasting S, having two branches, through one of which,9, oil or pulverized fuel is supplied to the burner and through theother, 10, is projected an air-supply pipe 11, which is screw-threadedtherein, as shown at 12, to form a tight joint, but which joint,however, may be formed by any other suitable means.

Between the inner end of the air-supply pipe 11 and the inlet to theburner is a chamber 13, in which is located a spiral device or casting14, forming a tortuous passage for-both the air and fuel fed thereto,the chamber 13 being cut away at the upper side, as shown at 15, to forma passage through which fuel from the pipe 9 is directed to the tortuouspassage formed by the spiral 1l. This chamber, however, may extendentirely around the spiral if preferred, though in practice it will besufficient to feed the fuel at the top of the spiral and in the path ofvthe air-blast through the pipe 11, as indicated in the drawings. InFig. 2, however, instead of locating the spiral 14 next the burner Iprefer when using pulverized fuel to interpose between the spiral 14 andthe burner and in the pipe fl a larger and IOO somewhat differing formof spiral 16 and having aless number of turns and forming a tortuouspassage substantially larger than that formed by the spiral 1-l-. Theform of spiral 16 is clearly indicated in cross-section in Fig. 5 and bythe longitudinal sectional view thereof shown in Fig. 2, and, as shownin the latter figure, may be cast with the pipe S in the form ofopposing wings; but, if desired, the same character of tortuous passagemay be formed by the iianges 17, (see Figa, )cast upon scroll-likemembers 18, joined at their opposing ends by bands or rings 1f) 20, andby this means have the spiral formed upon the same principle as whencast with the pipe S, but in a form removable therefrom. In Fig. a theiianges or wings 17 like in Fig. 2, form substantially but a singleconvolutionthat is to say, such a convolution as has but one meetingpoint of its wings and this about their center of length, as indicatedlin Fig. G and the direction of these wings with reference to each otherand `to the inlet thereto of the fuel through the passage 9 is such thatit may feed freely between these wings and be given a whirl, not onlypromoting the mixture of the air with the fuel, but tending to preventany back-pressure current retarding the iiow of the fuel thereto. Inorder, however, that under no conditions of operation there may be aback pressure against the feed of the fuel there is also provided anair-inlet pipe 21, which enters the passage 9 in a plane outside of thisspiral passage 16 or 17, as may be, and also the air-inlet 11, whichpipe 21 preferably has such a direction as will best impinge against andforce the fuel feeding to the spiral chamber and onward to the burner.this connection it is proper to observe that the principal distinctionin the construction of the spirals 16 17 and the spiral 1e is that theformer ones have no core, while the latter has a core, it being found inpractice when both spirals are used that by delivering the air to thespirals 16 17 in a whirl, as is done by the spiral 14:, a more thoroughmixing of the air with the fuel is accomplished and at the same time thetendency toward a bacl; pressure-- that is to say, a pressure tending toforce the fuel upwardly in the passage U-is avoided.

While the burners shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are designed the one for aliquid fuel, such as oil or coa-l tar, dsc., and the other forpulverized fuel, such as coal, their principle of operation issubstantially the same and differs only in that when a liquid fuel isemployed the spirals 1G and 17 are not absolutely necessary forobtaining the best results, but when feeding pulverized fuel it is foundthat the best results are attained by using the spiral 1i in connectionwith the spirals 16 and 17, as may be, and for the reasons before statedthat back pressure is prevented and amore thorough mixing of the fuelwith the air accrues to such use, and in this connection it is proper toadd that the sm all air-inlet 21 when a liquid fuel is used may bedispensed with.

Inv

In operation when using a liquid fuel-such, for example, as oil orcoal-tar-thc liquid is conducted through the passage 0 to the spiral 11,and the moment that it enters the spiral passage it is met by a blast ofsuperheated air through the passage 11, when, with the air, it is givena whirl by the spiral 14, and thereby the mixing of the two is promoted,while at the same time it is discharged in this whirled condition intothe chamber et of the burner, and thereby distributed throughout saidchamber in such a manner as to further miX the two together immediatelyprior to their being concentrated at the point Yof and dischargedthrough the orifice of the burner into the firechamber.

Vhen using pulverized fuel in the construetion shown in Fig. 2, themoment the fuel passes into the spiral way or passage 16 or 17, as maybe, it is immediately contacted with a blast of superheated air in awhirl discharging from the spiral 14, and in passing through thespiral16 or 17 it is permitted to expand and at the same time given a furtherwhirl and maintained in this whirling condition up to the instant of itsdischarge into the mixing'- chamber 4, and as a result is thrown in alldirections therein against its walls and in such a manner as to furthermix it immediately prior to its being concentrated while passing throughthe chamber 2 of the burner and at the discharge-orifice thereof.

The burners shown and described not only provide for delivering both aliquid and a pulverized fuel in sheet form into a furnace and fordirecting it to any point and any direction therein that may be desired,but for such a thorough mixture of the fuel with hot air as to supplythe fuel to the fire-chamber of a furnace in the best possible conditionfor instantaneous and perfect combustion, while at the same time thedevice as a whole is not only very simple and cheap of construction, butby its form and arrangement may be combined with any ordinary andcommonlyused furnace or iire chamber without any changes in theconstruction thereof, and as has heretofore been required by all burnersfor similar purposes production of any sub,- stantial commercialadvantage.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A device for delivering liquid or pulverized fuel to the nre-chamberof a furnace comprising in combination a burner, a fuel-supply pipe andan air-supply pipe therefor, a mixing-chamber between said pipes and theburner and a spiral plug in one of said pipes, and an air-inlet in thefuel-supply pipe, substantially as described.

2. A device for delivering liquid or pulverized fuel to the lire-chamberof a furnace comprising in combination a burner, a fuel-supply pipe andan air-supply pipe therefor, a mixing chamber between said pipes andburner, a spiral plug in one of said pipes, and

ICO.

IIS

burner, a spiral plug' in one of said pipes, and

spiral Wings in the other pipe between said :m Unimet and Spiral Wingsin the other pipe, :o

plug' and the mixing-chamber, substantially as described. Subetzmtiallyas described.

Adevicefordeliveringliquidand pulver- 7 T ,7 1 1 ized fuel to thefire-chamber of a furnace com- XX ILLIAM m LAVILR' prising incombination 2L burner, a fuel-supfitnessesz ply pipe and an air-supplypipe therefor, L EDNA B. JOHNSON,

mixingchamber between said pipes and! F. A. HOPKINS.

